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Can There Ever Be A Just War On Terror - 2819 Words

Can there ever be a just war on terror A Just War is a war which is fought, however, conducted under certain rules and regulations; these were created by Thomas Aquinas and Francisco de Vitoria. (Anon,[n.d]a), This theory is used as a means of showing those who are going to war, excluding those which classify under the regulations, that going to war is wrong and were deemed immoral. The intentions which were used to forward this process were to encourage the other states that there are other means of resolving conflict and to prevent war. The conditions of a Just War are that the choice of engaging in war is the last option and the probability of success is to be weighed. The war must be fought by a recognised legal authority, (the†¦show more content†¦Also the appropriate authority must be the persons who have declared war and ensured that this call was done on the basis of last resort, after trying to attempt all other methods which could assist in resolving the conflict. The second principle which is of the just war theory is Jus in Bello. (Anon,[n.d]b), These are rules and guidelines which explain some steps that the state must adhere to whilst in the conflict. In order to follow this principle, the states must follow proportionality and discrimination during the conflict. Those who are in fighting in the conflict must not use excessive force, only the force which is needed to achieve the necessary outcome. It is also important for them to be careful and precise when identifying any enemy combatants, and always ensuring they avoid civilians at all costs including illegitimate targets which could potentially cause destruction and violation on their individual rights. (Anon,[n.d]b), There is evidence that wars have been fought in the past and these rules and guidelines have been met. Using World War Two (1939-1945) for this example, it can be shown that this was a Just War. World War Two was fought by Germany and the Allied Countries legal authorities (Filipini, 2003). The rule, in regards to ‘†¦correcting evil’ was followed another means to this war was to correct the evil Hitler was doing in Germany and with the Nazis. The allied countries weighed up their probability of

Family Values - 1142 Words

Family Values Paper Family Values Paper The concept of family as the client has become an integral part of nursing practice. The American Nurses Association states that nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. It is this thinking that nursing continues to strive to assist patients not only achieve their optimal physical health, but also their family culture is equally important when it comes to healing. As nurses continue to understand the dynamics of a patient’s family system, it is clear that the word†¦show more content†¦Integrating these two core concepts is instrumental to the success of family presence. Family presence is a journey that many emergency departments are starting to embark on. With many organizations aligning their visions as patient and family centered this journey has to start with strong leadership. Many healthcare professionals have doubts as to whether or not this is truly beneficial for the patient’s families, and also what legal ramifications does this process have in the long run. A multidisciplinary team needs to be established early on consisting of; senior management, legal counsel, clergy, department leadership, physicians, nurses and other key staff. This key group can work to develop a hospital policy that clearly defines and develops the roles needed to facilitate a positive experience. Nurses will provide the most â€Å"buy in† for this process. It is important to develop a robust educational plan to support nurses in their roles. Role playing is a great way to ensure staff competency with this endeavor. Families need to feel that all who invite them in the room is agreeable to the situation, and that the lines of communication are clear. Role playing identifies staff that is not supportive of the process, and might need more education to truly understand the closure it brings to families. All too often families are off in a roomShow MoreRelatedFamily Values736 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis Family values have changed a lot over the past few decades. The main reason for this is because society has been changing and becoming more open, therefore values for families and individuals have changed with it. The writer of â€Å"Values, Family, and a Changing Society† (F. Ivan Nye) takes the time to define different types of values and how they have defined family values. The message of the article is talking about how societal change has been shaping the values of family and life inRead MoreFamily Values1020 Words   |  5 PagesFamily Values Mary Boman NUR/542 September 10, 2012 Koh Family Values Family nursing is still seen as a fairly new specialty area in nursing. There has been discussion to define what family nursing is and what role family and nursing play in this matter. The consensus is that all definitions have as core concepts the notion of providing nursing care to families and family members (Braun amp; Foster, 2011). Nurses have realized what an important role that families can play in promoting positiveRead MoreFamily Structure And Family Values Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, family structure and a families morals and values has changed drastically from generation to generation. From a families core values to women not working in the workforce to women making up a good chunk of our current workforce, to even the norms of dating and the roles of religion and culture in a family. times now are significantly different than they use to be. With technology a new driving force interfering with families and the world altogether, their have been many adaptationsRead MoreFamily And Family Arrangements And Values1505 Words   |  7 PagesFrom There to Here Family Is The Definition of family, is relative, no pun intended. It depends on your background and experiences. Family can be friends or blood relatives, it can mean many different things to everyone. But most importantly I think it means support, you should consider to be a part of your family anyone who supports the decisions that you make, and doesn’t judge you for them. This can include friends, and family. It’s important to decide for yourself what matters most to you, andRead MoreFamily Obligation And Family Values Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesFamily obligation is strongly related to how much one values their families’ opinions and the degree to which family values are respected and complied with. This degree of familial obligation varies across cultures, in part, due to the different schemas that are represented across cultures. There are two separate classifications for these schemas, collectivistic and individualistic (Triandis, 1988). The majority of people w ho belong to individualistic cultures have an independent schema while peopleRead MoreFamily Value Is Important For Life1696 Words   |  7 Pagesstands out above all would value of family because they are always there for us when we need them the most. They always find a way to make our life more meaningful. I believe family value is important for living a meaningful life. Family value is something that we hold very precious the most which is why they make our life more meaning to it. Even though there are a lot of things that can make our human life matter, however, in my opinion, the significance of human values, connected social life, andRead MoreHaitian Family Values841 Words   |  3 PagesFamily values are ideals that are learned traditionally in a family and are reinforced within the familial unit. Family values can be very diverse between different cultures. Some of these family values are the way children are raised, discipline, gender roles in the family, and the way f amilies choose to live. Family values are a major part of Haitian culture and they are very important to Haitians. This is my favorite aspect of all of Haitian Culture. For all Haitian families, no matter what classRead MoreFamily Values Paper943 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: FAMILY VALUES PAPER Family Value Paper Katie Chieda University of Phoenix Dynamics of Family Systems: NUR/542 February 21, 2011 Carla Diebold Read MoreEssay about Family Values507 Words   |  3 Pages When raising a child one is taught values by their families that they feel are important for their child to have. I believe that family values consist of certain actions and qualities that are important to a family to uphold. Values that are important in my family are honesty, trust and to have respect for others. Each of these values is equally important in my family. They played a big role into making me the person I am now. Growing up in my family taught me that honesty is the best policyRead More Family Values and The Status of The Traditional American Family792 Words   |  4 Pagesthe term family values, many different ideas can come to mind. Morals, religion, beliefs, tradition, expectation, controversy, and misuse are some things that may come to mind when the term â€Å"family values† is mentioned. The true definition and meaning of family values can most likely never be directly pinpointed, but it is always going to be a known fact that family values are always going to have different meanings to different people. It is the common misunderstanding that family values are just

Unfair Labour Practices - 1195 Words

ASSIGHNMENT OF LABOUR LAW ON UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES Submitted to- submitted by- Mrs Archna Shukla Shikhar Dixit B.A. LL.B(H) V sem (A8108309048) UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES ------------------------------------------------- Chapter- 10 of The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 deals with the unfair labour practices. Section- 25T ------------------------------------------------- Prohibition of unfair labour practice No employer or workman or a trade union, whether registered under the Trade Unions Act, 1926 (16 of 1926), or not, shall commit any unfair labour practice†¦show more content†¦To insist upon individual workmen, who are on a legal strike to sign a good conduct bond, as a pre-condition to allowing them to resume work. 9. To show favouritism or partiality to one set of workers regardless of merit. 10. To employ workmen as ‘badlis†, casuals or temporaries and to continue them as such for years, with the object of depriving them of the status and privileges of permanent workmen. 11. To discharge or discriminate against any workman for filing charges or testifying against an employer in any enquiry or proceeding relating to any industrial dispute. 12. To recruit workmen during a strike which is not an illegal strike. 13. Failure to implement award, settlement or agreement. 14. To indulge in act,, of force or violence. 15. To refuse to bargain collectively, in good faith with the recognised trade unions. 16. Proposing or continuing a lock-out deemed to be illegal under this Act. It is difficult to define and lay down exhaustive test of unfair labour practice, but it may be said that any practice, which violates the directive principles of state policy contained in Article 43 of the constitution and such other Articles as deal with the decent wages and living conditions for workmen amount to unfair practice. In Eveready flash light company. Labour court barielly, the company appointed a workman on daily rate basis on 18th January 1958 after trying himShow MoreRelatedUnfair Labour Practices3811 Words   |  16 Pageswritten or unwritten. When an employer hires a worker, he can demand labour, and agree on a price for that labour. The offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create a legal relationship constitute a bargain to which compliance can be sought in law. When trade unions negotiate a collective agreement with employers, the process and the outcome are somewhat different. In the first place, trade unions do not sell labour to employers, unlike individual workers. Likewise, employers do not payRead MoreUnfair Labour Practices1394 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper on Unfair Labor Practice ________________________________________ Introduction The development of fair labor standards and its adoption in the business world was aimed at achieving a decent and humane working condition (farex. 2012). This defines the manner in which the relationship between the employer and the employees should be based on several principles based on the constitution. Fair labor practices include principles like non discrimination in which no person shouldRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291273 Words   |  6 Pagesestablish minimum wages and maximum hours, eliminate unfair trade practices, and guarantee the right of labour to bargain collectively. The NRA established 557 basic codes and 208 supplementary codes that ultimately affected about 22 million workers. Although the codes were quickly drawn and very complicated, they reflected the interests of big business at the expense of the consumer and small businessman. Nevertheless, these codes did improve labour conditions in some industries and also aided theRead MoreEconomic Effects Of Labor Abuse1267 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to David Barboza (2008), a writer for the New York Times and winner of the Pulitzer prize for international reporting, â€Å"In 2007, factories that supplied more than a dozen corporations, including Wal-Mart, Disney and Dell, were accused of unfair labor practices, including using child labor, forcing employees to work 16-hour days on fast-moving assembly lines, and paying workers less than minimum wage. (Minimum wage in this part of China is about 55 cents an hour.)† The amount of savings seems hugeRead Moreâ€Å"the History of the Caribbean Is the History of the Exploitation of Labour† - with Reference to Slavery and the Encomienda Labour System†1045 Words   |  5 Pagesof labour† - with reference to slavery and the Encomienda labour system† In the above statement â€Å"the history of the Caribbean is the history of the exploitation of labour,† it simply states that the Caribbean’s history is basically the history of its exploitation of labour. The definitions of keywords exploitation and labour must be considered. Exploitation can be defined as the practice of taking selfish or unfair advantage of a person or situation, usually for personal gain, while labour isRead MoreCase Analysis : Walmart Stores788 Words   |  4 Pagesthese unions. They can also explain them that the employees are treated as â€Å"associates† rather than just â€Å"employees† so it is duty of them to protect the best interests of the company. Question 2: The certification of the first Walmart was hailed by labour as a milestone event? It is considered as a milestone because Walmart has been trying every trick in the book to avoid unionization of its workforce. The working conditions in most of the Walmart stores where poor and sometimes they force their workersRead MoreIs Your Chocolate the Result of Unfair Exploitation of Child Labor650 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study #1: Please refer to Mini Case Mini-Case â€Å"Is Your Chocolate the Result of Unfair Exploitation of Child Labor?† 1. Should labor practices in another country be a relevant consideration in international trade? Why or why not? Yes, labor practices in another country should be relevant for consideration in international trade. The reason for concern is labor and social advocates has increased imports from countries in which labor standards are apparently notRead MoreChallenges Facing The World Today s Society1021 Words   |  5 Pagesidea of what it means to be a citizen is changing rapidly. Profits and principles are now correlated along with the idea that green is the new gold. Companies that do not follow this tend to be punished, like Walmart and Nike in terms of unfair labour practices. The triple bottom line is also key in creating a progressive company. Greenwashing is an issue where companies are perceived as being more environmentally friendly than they really are. People are prepared to pay more for products made byRead MoreRole Of The Wto On Addressing Labour Standards1107 Words   |  5 PagesAppropriate role of the WTO in addressing labour standards Introduction The relationship between international trade and labour standards is a key issue today. The relation defines the link between developing countries and advanced industrialized nations. International enforcement of labour standards is justifiable from two frontiers of arguments. The first one opines that â€Å"unfair† labour conditions and practices exist in many countries and trading partners and call for the need to offset an occurrenceRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Easyjet1159 Words   |  5 Pagesflights in major cities across Europe, and not afraid to maintain this by strategic financial management e.g. By keeping expenses and overheads low, charging customers for inflight meals, charging levies on baggage. Also, easyJet tactically lower labour costs. Staff work multiple roles, seeing staff taking on a hands-on customer service from gate to cabin, which otherwise would be see three times as many staff present at competitor’s airlines. Mission EasyJet vision statement states†¦ Our vision

Enlight Ment free essay sample

Was a literate and a philosopher, a Jurist and an economist, and above all- one of the most important exponents of the Italian Enlightenment. At the plaza which is named after him there is a statue in his honor. He was born in Milan into an old noble family. He graduated In law and spent his life In Milan were he frequented the del , environment culturally rich and very fashionable, collaborating also with the famous newspaper IN Cuffs ©.With the help of Very, one of the founders of the academy, in 1764 he reached to write and publish in less than a year his most famous work. On Crimes and Punishments, which Is also one of the most significant works of this period of Important cultural transformations. HIS book had a great success in the whole Europe, and especially in France, where he began to travel after an invitation by French Intellectuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Enlight Ment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But he did not fit in this kind of life and he always returned to Milan, where he spent the rest of his life and where he later died In 1794. was one of the most Important catalysts and supporters of the reform movement against continental criminal law which was characterized all over Europe for its extreme cruelty and lack of reason; he had also an important role in the widely spread Enlightenment Reform of XVIII century, Inspired In the Ideals of autonomy, and war against oppressors. The imagination in a mathematician who creates makes no less difference than in a poet who invents. Of all the great men of antiquity, Archimedes may be the one who most deserves to be placed beside Homer.Jean ? Discourse De 1 . Liberty is the right to do what the law permits. -Nonentities 2. All wealth is the product of labor. John This means that if you want to be wealthy (in body, mind or soul) you have to work hard. There Is no way you can get what you want unless you work for It. John 1632 1704 1 690 Essay concerning Human Understanding New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common. No mans knowledge here can go beyond his experience. It is one thing to show a man that he is in error, and another to put him In possession of truth . Reason is natural revelation. Crooked things may be as stiff and as straight: and men may be as positive In error as In truth. All men are liable to error; and most men are, In many points, by passion or interest, under temptation to it. 1690 Second Treatise of Civil 1 Whatsoever (man) removes out of the state that nature hath provided and left it in, he hath mixed his labor with, and Joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property. The end of law is, not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. This power to act according to discretion for the public good, without the prescription of the law, and sometimes even against it, is hat which is called prerogative. Kant 1724-1804 1784 Out of the crooked timber of humanity no straight thing can ever be made. 1785 Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics There is an imperative which commands a certain conduct immediately, without having as its condition any other purpose to be attained by it.This imperative is Categorical. This imperative may be called that of Morality. 1785 Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics Happiness is not an ideal of reason but of imagination. 1788 Critique of Practical Reason Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing wonder and awe, the more often and the more seriously reflection concentrates upon them: the starry heaven above me and the moral law within me. Benjamin Franklin 1706- 1790 1735 Poor Richards Almanac Some are weather-wise, some are otherwise. April 1735 Poor Richards Almanac Necessity never made a good bargain. 1748 Remember that time is money. 1758 Poor Richards Almanac He that lives upon hope will die fasting. I 1758 Poor Richards Almanac A little neglect may breed mischief for want of a nail, the shoe was lost; for want f a shoe the horse was lost; and for want of a horse the rider was lost. November 13, 1789- Letter to Jean Roy: In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes. April 1778 Man is a tool-making animal. When asked what was the use of a new invention, Franklin replied: What is the use of a new-born child? July 1776- At the signing of the Declaration of Independence: We must indeed all hang together, or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately. September 11, 1783 There never was a good war, or a bad peace.

The Importance of Money free essay sample

In this topic we will be studying and describing the fundamental role that money plays in facilitating exchange and, thereby, allowing for specialization. Why Specialization? Then you need to think about it: why money leads to specialization? why an economy needs to use money at all . We may also discuss on the disadvantages of barter. The other thing that need to be focused on is measurement of money. Why we have different type of measurement of money supply? What is the purpose? Last and not least the idea of the payments system, that is, a discussion on the evolution of the payments system from precious metals to currency and checks to electronic funds transfer services—such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and debit cards. For those who be in the forum, try your best to answer the questions that have been given here. These are some of the questions that we are to discuss it in first seminar. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Money or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Outline I. Meeting the Needs of Exchange with Money A) Money makes exchange more efficient and allows for specialization. B) The type of exchange known as barter, where goods and services are exchanged directly for other goods and services is inefficient because it incurs high transactions costs. C) Voluntary trade may be sidestepped by using government allocation to distribute goods and services, but this is unlikely to be successful because it ignores market forces. D) Money has four key functions that make it the most efficient means of trade: 1. Money acts as a medium of exchange, which is anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services or in the settlement of debts. . Money is a unit of account, which is a way of measuring value in the economy in terms of money. 3. Money is a store of value, in that it is an asset or a thing of value that can be owned and is, therefore, a component of wealth. 4. Money offers a standard of deferred value in credit transactions. E) The value of money depends on its purchasing power. 1. A decline in the purchasing power of money is known as infla tion and an increase in the purchasing power of money is know as deflation. 2. Changes in the value of money over time can be computed using a price index, which is a summary statistic that reflects changes in the price of a group of goods and services relative to the price in a base year. F) There are five criteria a good must meet to be suitable as a medium of exchange: 1. The good must be acceptable to most traders. 2. It should be of standardized quality. 3. It should be durable. 4. It should be valuable relative to its weight. 5. It should be divisible. II. The Payments System A) The mechanism for conducting transactions in an economy is known as a payments system. B) Definitive money is money that does not have to be converted into a more basic medium of exchange. C) Physical goods, such as gold and silver, when used to accomplish trade are called commodity money. D) A system in which the definitive money is money authorized by a central bank or governmental body as legal tender—that is, the money must be accepted to discharge debts and tax payments must be in cash or checks denominated in that money—is known as a fiat money system. E) Checks are promises to pay definitive money on demand and are drawn on money deposited with a financial institution. 1. Settling transactions with checks requires more steps than settling transactions with cash. 2. Checks are less liquid than cash and there is a cost to using checks. F) Settling and clearing transactions can now be done with computers in electronic funds transfer systems. 1. Debit cards and automated teller machines are examples of electronic funds transfer devices. . Eighty percent of the dollar value of transactions among financial institutions is conducted electronically. G) The efficiency of the payments system reduces the cost of settling transactions. III. Measuring the Money Supply A) Economists have developed different definitions of the money supply based on the differences in the assets included as money. B) The narrowest definition of the money supply is M1, which includes currency, travelers checks, and checking account deposits. C) M2 includes the assets in M1 plus short-term investment accounts. D) M3 includes the assets in M1 and M2 plus such less liquid assets as large- denomination time deposits, institutional money market mutual fund balances, term repurchase agreements, and others E) In the 1980s and 1990s economists and policy makers have considered M2 the best measure of the money supply. F) The monetary aggregates move broadly together over long periods of time, although there have been significant differences in their movements during certain periods.

The Metamorphosis an Example of the Topic Education and science by

The Metamorphosis by Expert MasterNash | 14 Dec 2016 At the turn of the 20th century a struggling Jewish writer living in Prague was trying to balance work and honing his craft. In his lifetime he was not able to taste literary success but was successful in creating one of the most thought provoking work that redefined what writing is all about. His name is Franz Kafka and his masterpiece, The Metamorphosis. Need essay sample on "The Metamorphosis" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This paper will attempt to interpret The Metamorphosis for the purpose of sharing it to a new generation of readers. It will not be an easy task. Whoever will undertake the work of understanding it must realize that Kafkas opus is like a gem that is multifaceted. Thus, a student reading it must not stop after getting one set of interpretation. This is what makes Kafkas work a good read and part of the reason why interest regarding the material did not wane, even after close to a century since its publication in the year 1915. The Novella College Students Often Tell EssayLab specialists:How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay now?Essay writers propose: Get Academic Writing At Reasonable Price With UsCustom Essay Reviews Get Paid To Write Papers Essay Writer Service Custom Essay Writing Company It is a well known fact that man is a creature of habit. Habits are also formed quite easily. It only takes a few weeks to develop one. Now imagine the activities and hobbies that this person is used to doing. The regular day to day things that were already taken for granted. What if all of a sudden something happens that will disallow the person to have the ability to do the normal and the ordinary? It is an invalids worst nightmare. This crisis being described happened to a character in a Franz Kafka novella. The main character of the story Gregor Samsa woke up one morning with a terrible realization. The traveling salesman, turned into a gigantic bug. He did not only was transformed into a vermin he was also suffering ailments unknown to him and seems to be difficult to diagnose and understand. His transformation was a metamorphosis gone very badly. His voice, his face, his upper and lower body all was changed into something horrible. Of course there is no human bug and of course Kafka wrote fiction. But it can also be understood that the author was using metaphor to communicate a ton of truth. In a creative way Kafka wanted the world to know how it feels to be disabled. The author creatively brings the reader to a place of teaching. But instead of lecturing the students he created a way to communicate the two ways of how a person can be invalid. The first one, by virtue of common sense, everybody knows that the usual cause of disability is through an accident. An unfortunate even that ruins lives like being hit by a car driven by a person who suffered a stroke. It can also come by way of natural calamities such as earthquakes, typhoons etc. But according to Kafkas book without saying it aloud there is another sure way of becoming an invalid. And that is through self-infliction brought about the many negative experiences that plagued the mind. It is self-inflicted because the world around the person is too much to bear. In the book, Gregor Samsa was wasting away on a job that he hates. For reasons that will be made clear at the end, the metamorphosis of Gregor from a super reliable, hardworking, tough as nails person to a hated, ridiculed and much ostracized vermin was for a purpose. Yet at the moment, the life that he knew too well is gone. When a person becomes disable it does not really matter how he had arrived at that stage what occupies the patients mind is how he could get his life back. And that is when the ordeal will start, day one in hell on earth. The first stage is the struggle to accept that life will never be the same again. To those who lost the use of hand, limbs, and senses has to admit that the only thing to do is to move forward. There is a need to realize that it is useless to force the body to do things the way it used to and it is very important to that it is better to function than to die a slow agonizing death. Al Siebert a doctor of psychology has this to say about moving on and beating the odds and the two typical reactions of invalids: Some people feel victimized and blame others for their plight. Some shut down. They feel helpless and overwhelmed. Some get angry. They lash out and try to hurt anyone they can. A few, however, reach within themselves and find ways to cope with adversity. They eventually make things turn out well (Siebert, 1996). The second thing that strikes the invalids heart is the sudden and unexpected rejection of the people close to him. The rejection may not be verbalized but it could be felt and understood just as easily as well. The people close to the victims may feel a tinge of remorse because of the way they reacted to the disability of a loved one but still strong negative feelings show. Sometimes a relative or even a family member will wish for the early demise of a loved one, justifying the wicked thought in the hope of ending the persons suffering. In the story it was Gregors sister, Grete, who demonstrated this kind of behavior. She was vocal about her frustrations in taking care of his brother who turned into a partially immobile vermin. On the final stage of the chain reaction, an unexpected thing will occur. The invalid gives up hope knowing that he will always see himself as a pitiful shell of his old self. Then the people around him suddenly put themselves into new roles. If the invalid was the breadwinner of the house while the rest depended on him for provision, now the situation will reverse itself and the dependent will become the bread winner so that the community or the household will survive. They will suddenly become much stronger in character, will, and purpose for the sake of the disabled member of the family. In the novella Gregor Samsa was the sole provider for the family, earning money to support his father, mother, and sister. While Gregor forces himself to succeed in a frustrating job his family demonstrated what it is to be a slot by not helping augment the income of the family. But when Gregor reached a point of no return and when his physical condition began to deteriorate into hopelessness, his father suddenly experienced a rebirth in terms of zeal in finding work. His father succeeded in his new career while the rest of the family are also discovering their potential to be more productive. As it turned out Gregor was not the only one who underwent a metamorphosis. His family members went into their own metamorphosis as they tried to cope with a member of the family that suddenly became invalid. This is one way of interpreting Kafkas work. But it must be understood that this is just one of the possible interpretation of the novel. One way of trying to comprehend the novella is through viewing the work in the context of the authors life. Thus, a facet of the masterpiece will be seen in a new light. A simple background study of Kafka will help unearth another set of interpretation, closer perhaps to what the author intended for the reader to grasp. Biographical Sketch Franz Kafka was born in the year 1883. He was born in Prague to middle-class Jewish parents. His father was an entrepreneur. According to Emma Chastain: Kafka held on to bitter memories of his childhood, particularly of his upwardly mobile, harsh father. As Kafka admitted in the never-sent Letter to His Father: My writing was all about you; all I did there, after all, was to bemoan what I could not bemoan upon your breast. It was an intentionally long-drawn-out-leave-taking from you. (2004, p. 519). The piece of information revealed above is enough to revisit The Metamorphosis and see some of the component of the story in a different light. But there is more. According to Sander Gilman, at the turn of the century Europe, the Jewish people were experience a whole new level of persecution. At the time when Kafka was growing up the degradation of the Jewish race came in the form of insult to their physical prowess. Gilman secured a copy of the physical exam that Kafka went through as a prerequisite for a job application and this is what the doctors said regarding the frail body of the author, His body is thin but delicate. He is relatively weak [] He has weak chest muscles (2005, p. 14). This view was based on the confession of Kafka who said that, It is certain that a major obstacle to my progress is my physical condition. Nothing can be accomplished with such a body [] My body is too log for its weakness, it hasnt the least bit of fat to engender a blessed warmth to preserve an inner fire (Gilman, p. 16). But it is Emma Chastains insights that proved to be the more significant revelation of all the literature reviewed for this study. Chastain mindful of Kafkas Jewish heritage wrote the following, Kafka did not quiet fit in anywhere. He was a Czech in the Astro-Hungarina empire, a German-speaker among Czechs, a Jew among German-speakers, and a disbeliever among Jews. He was alienated from his pragmatic and overbearing father, from his bureaucratic job, and from the opposite sex (p. 519). Using the above biographical sketch one can now go back to the story of the man-bug and see different insights. It is now clear that the Gregor Samsa was Kafkas alter ego. Gregors dysfunctional family mirrors that of Kafkas own family. The frustration of Gregor Samsa over his work, his inability to excel and show his true worth eerily resembles that of Kafkas struggle to become a great writer. Moreover the pained relationship between Gregor and his father was not just a way of filling up the pages but it was the personal expression of the author longing for his fathers love but was denied of ever feeling his warmth and gentleness. What he got in return was a harsh taskmaster that is content to receive but not able to reciprocate that love given by a dutiful son. The transformation of Gregor Samsa can now be understood as the longing of Kafka to escape his dreadful experience. It is as if he is saying that it is better for him to kill himself rather than continue living. But if that is not possible then maybe turning into a vermin will give him an excuse to stay in his room and not go to work and not face his family and even his employers. The alienation that he felt growing up as a weakling in a country where physical prowess is placed at a high pedestal is difficult for Kafka. But most of all it is his being a Jew that made it difficult for him to blend in. The vermin in the room is a reflection of that feeling. Something that people abhors and someone that the opposite sex fears and rejects. It is now very clear that Kafkas masterpiece is merely a pained expression of what he truly felt inside. And just like what he said in his letter to his father it is the words of a son that was muzzled and not allowed to speak up. It is his communiqu to his father and to his family that he was rejected and taken for granted until it was too late. Conclusion In a time when Hollywood movies are dictated by a simple dance-song formula, Franz Kafka was already experimenting new methods of writing. The man is an enigma to many and his work reflected that personality. A casual glance of his work makes one wonder what he really wanted to say as an author. On the other hand a true literary genius will never be able to downplay Kafkas achievements. He was a free thinker and was not afraid to express what he felt. Others may feel that he is simply a product of his environment. That he is merely a byproduct of a dysfunctional family. An abusive father has driven him to unexpected heights of literary genius and his frustration at work made him more disciplined in honing his skills. Franz Kafka should be admired as a great writer. At the same time his sad life story must be a lesson to all parents and family members that actions of rudeness and the inability to show love and tenderness will affect a family members life. Kafkas work was full of it even if he was clever enough to hide it. Works Cited Chastain, Emma. 101 Novels and Plays. New York: Spark Publishing, 2004. Corngold, Stanley. The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. 1994. Literature, Arts and Medicine. 6 April 2006 Gilman, Sander. Franz Kafka. London: Reaktion Books, Ltd., 2005. Survivor Personality by Al Siebert PhD. 1996. No Nonsense Self Defense, LLC. 6 April 2006 http://www.nononsenseselfdefense.com/NNSDsiebertsurvivefull.htm